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Agomelatine (Valdoxan)

FDA Approved 2009

Reviewed by the HeyPsych Medical Review Board

Board-certified psychiatrists and mental health professionals

Published November 28, 2025•Updated November 28, 2025•Reviewed November 28, 2025

Clinical summary for Agomelatine (Valdoxan): Agomelatine is an antidepressant tablet taken at night. It works partly by helping your body’s internal clock get back on track, which can improve both mood and sleep. Because it can affect the liver, regular blood tests are needed. It is not currently available in the United States.

What It's Used For

Primary Indications

Major Depressive Disorder in adults

Patient-Friendly Explanation

This medicine is used to treat major depressive disorder in adults, especially when depression comes with poor sleep or a disrupted day–night rhythm. It is not available for prescription in the United States.

What People Feel

Everyone responds differently, but these are common experiences people report while taking agomelatine:

Sleep and Rhythm

"I started falling asleep at a more normal time instead of being wide awake at 3 a.m."

Onset & Duration

Initial antidepressant effects may emerge within 1–2 weeks, with a fuller response typically seen over 4–6 weeks. Improvements in sleep and circadian rhythm can appear early in treatment.

Initial mood improvements may appear within 1–2 weeks.

Full antidepressant response is typically assessed over 4–6 weeks.

Sleep and circadian rhythm benefits often appear early in the course of treatment.

Ongoing benefit is maintained only while the medication is continued and liver function remains normal.

How Well It Works

Remission Rate vs. Placebo

26.3%
vs 20.1% for placebo
A pooled meta-analysis reported a remission rate of 26.3% with agomelatine versus 20.1% with placebo (Number Needed to Treat (NNT) = 17). Overall antidepressant efficacy is modest, but agomelatine tends to be well tolerated, with fewer treatment discontinuations due to side effects compared with several SSRIs and venlafaxine.

Warnings & Precautions ⚠️

Warnings & Precautions ⚠️

  • →You will need blood tests to check your liver before starting and several times while taking this medication.
  • →Contact your doctor right away and stop the tablets if you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, very dark urine, or severe stomach pain—these can be signs of liver trouble.
  • →If you feel more depressed, unusually agitated, or start having thoughts of harming yourself, seek urgent help from your doctor, an emergency service, or a crisis hotline.

Side Effects

The most common side effects are generally mild, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and sleepiness. The major safety concern is hepatotoxicity, which is why regular liver function monitoring is required.

Common Things People Notice

  • Headache or feeling lightheaded
  • Nausea or upset stomach
  • Sleepiness or, less commonly, insomnia
  • Rare but serious risk of liver injury (requires blood test monitoring)

Common Side Effects

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Somnolence
• Insomnia

⚠️ Serious Side Effects

  • Hepatotoxicity (Severe liver injury/elevated transaminases >3x ULN)
  • Suicidal ideation or tendencies (monitor mood closely)

Patient-Friendly Explanation

The most frequent side effects include headache, feeling dizzy, nausea, and sleepiness. The main serious concern is liver damage, which is why routine blood tests are required. Unlike many SSRIs and SNRIs, agomelatine is usually not linked with weight gain or sexual side effects.

Drug Interactions

With: Potent CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., fluvoxamine, ciprofloxacin)

Risk: Marked elevation of agomelatine concentrations (up to roughly 60-fold), greatly increasing the risk of liver toxicity.

Action: Contraindicated. Do not co-prescribe.

With: Alcohol

Risk: Additive risk of liver injury and impaired judgment or coordination.

Action: Avoid or strictly limit alcohol intake while on this medication.

With: Heavy Smoking (induces CYP1A2)

Risk: Increased CYP1A2 activity may lower agomelatine levels, potentially reducing antidepressant effect.

Action: Inform your prescriber if you are a heavy smoker; dose and response may need closer monitoring.

Tapering & Discontinuation

Physiologic withdrawal symptoms are not typically expected when stopping agomelatine. A formal taper is usually unnecessary at 25 mg. For patients on 50 mg daily, some clinicians prefer to reduce to 25 mg for about a week before stopping, particularly in those who are sensitive to medication changes.

Key Points

  • Agomelatine is not generally associated with a withdrawal syndrome when stopped.
  • A taper is usually unnecessary at 25 mg daily.
  • For 50 mg daily, some clinicians reduce to 25 mg for about a week before stopping, especially in patients sensitive to medication changes.
  • Always coordinate discontinuation with a clinician, as mood symptoms can return even without physical withdrawal.

Dosing & Administration

Adult Dosing

start: 25 mg once daily at bedtime

titrate: May increase to 50 mg daily after 2 weeks if no improvement

max: 50 mg/day

notes: Dosing is once daily at bedtime to take advantage of its circadian effects. Dose escalation to 50 mg should only occur after confirming that liver function tests remain within normal limits.

Hepatic Dose Adjustments

All degrees of hepatic impairment (including active liver disease): Contraindicated

Patient-Friendly Explanation

Most people start with 25 mg once a day, taken at bedtime. If your mood has not improved after about two weeks, and your liver tests are still normal, your doctor may increase the dose to 50 mg at night.

Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Special Groups

Use agomelatine cautiously in special populations, with particular attention to liver function and the limited human data in pregnancy and lactation.

👶Pregnancy

Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus; human data are limited (often categorized as Pregnancy Category C).

🤱Breastfeeding

It is unclear whether agomelatine is excreted in human breast milk. Use with caution and weigh the benefits of treatment against potential risks to the nursing infant.

👧Children & Adolescents (Under 18)

Safety and effectiveness in children and adolescents have not been established; not recommended for use in this age group.

👴Older Adults (65+)

Use cautiously in older adults, with close attention to liver function and comorbidities. Aim for the lowest effective dose.

Clinical Monitoring

  • Liver Function Tests (LFTs) at baseline and at weeks 3, 6, 12, and 24, and thereafter when clinically indicated.
  • Clinical monitoring of mood, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, particularly during initiation and dose changes.
  • Sleep quality and circadian rhythm patterns (e.g., onset of sleep, nighttime awakenings, daytime functioning).

Dosage Forms & Strengths

  • Film-coated tablets: 25 mg

How It Works 🧠

Agomelatine is a melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. MT1/MT2 agonism promotes realignment of circadian rhythms and sleep–wake patterns, while 5-HT2C blockade increases norepinephrine and dopamine release in the frontal cortex. Unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, it does not inhibit monoamine reuptake.

Patient-Friendly Explanation

Agomelatine works differently from most common antidepressants. It acts on melatonin receptors that help control your body clock and blocks certain serotonin receptors, which boosts mood-related brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. It does not work by blocking serotonin reuptake like SSRIs do.

Clinical Pearls ✨

Agomelatine is especially useful when depression co-occurs with circadian rhythm disruption or prominent insomnia, given its melatonergic action. It shows better tolerability than many SSRIs and SNRIs with respect to weight gain, gastrointestinal upset, and sexual dysfunction, which can improve adherence. Because it is metabolized almost entirely through CYP1A2, changes in smoking status or the addition of CYP1A2 modulators can substantially affect serum levels and should prompt review of dosing and monitoring.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Agomelatine (Valdoxan) used for?

Agomelatine (Valdoxan) is prescribed for major depressive disorder in adults. It is often chosen when depression is accompanied by poor sleep or a disturbed day–night rhythm, because it acts on melatonin receptors as well as mood-related pathways.

Is Agomelatine available in the United States?

No. Agomelatine is not currently approved or marketed in the United States. It is, however, available in several other countries for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults.

Why are regular liver tests needed with Agomelatine?

Agomelatine can sometimes cause liver inflammation or a rise in liver enzymes. To catch any problems early, liver function tests are required before starting the medication and at specific time points during treatment, such as weeks 3, 6, 12, and 24, or whenever clinically needed.

When should I take Agomelatine?

Agomelatine is taken once each day at bedtime. Taking it at night fits with its melatonin-like effects on your body clock and may help improve sleep at the same time as treating your mood.

Does Agomelatine cause weight gain or sexual side effects?

Agomelatine is generally not associated with significant weight gain or sexual dysfunction. For people who have had troublesome sexual or weight-related side effects on other antidepressants such as SSRIs or SNRIs, agomelatine may be a more comfortable alternative, if available and appropriate.

This medication information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. Never take medication without a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

Interested in this treatment?

This information is for educational purposes. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new treatment.

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